1. What is kVA in 3 Phase Power?

kVA (kilovolt-amperes) represents the apparent power in an electrical system, combining real power (kW) and reactive power (kVAR). For 3-phase systems, it's crucial for sizing equipment like transformers and generators.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental power equation:

Where:

• \( kW \) — Real power in kilowatts
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)

Explanation: The power factor accounts for the phase difference between voltage and current in AC systems. A lower PF means more apparent power is needed to deliver the same real power.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor correction can significantly reduce energy costs and improve system capacity. Industrial facilities often aim for PF ≥ 0.95 to avoid utility penalties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in kW and power factor (typically 0.8 for industrial loads). Values must be valid (kW > 0, 0 < PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between kW and kVA?
A: kW measures real/usable power while kVA measures apparent power (real + reactive). kVA is always ≥ kW.

Q2: What's a typical power factor value?
A: Residential: ~0.95-1.0, Industrial: ~0.8-0.9, Motors at full load: ~0.85.

Q3: Why does 3-phase power need different calculations?
A: 3-phase systems have balanced loads across phases, requiring the √3 factor in full power equations (already accounted for in this calculator).

Q4: How can I improve power factor?
A: Install capacitors, use synchronous motors, or add power factor correction equipment.

Q5: When is this calculation most important?
A: When sizing transformers, generators, UPS systems, or calculating total system capacity.