1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for large loads and industrial applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)

Explanation: The formula calculates real power in a balanced three-phase system. The √3 factor accounts for the phase difference between the three phases.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power. A higher power factor (closer to 1) indicates more efficient power usage, while lower power factors result in higher current for the same real power.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). All values must be valid (voltage > 0, current > 0, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is √3 times the line-to-neutral voltage (e.g., 208V line-to-line is 120V line-to-neutral).

Q2: What is a typical power factor value?
A: For resistive loads it's 1.0, for motors typically 0.8-0.9, and for heavily inductive loads it can be 0.5 or lower.

Q3: Why use three-phase power instead of single-phase?
A: Three-phase power is more efficient for large loads, provides constant power delivery, and requires less conductor material for the same power.

Q4: Can this formula be used for unbalanced loads?
A: No, this formula assumes a balanced three-phase system. Unbalanced systems require more complex calculations.

Q5: How does power factor correction work?
A: Power factor correction typically involves adding capacitors to offset inductive reactance, bringing the power factor closer to 1.