1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for large industrial loads and motors.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)

Explanation: The √3 factor accounts for the phase difference in three-phase systems. The power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor is crucial in electrical systems as it indicates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work. A low power factor (below 0.95) may result in higher energy costs and inefficient power usage.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). All values must be valid (voltage > 0, current > 0, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is between any two phases, while line-to-neutral is between one phase and neutral. Line-to-line is √3 times line-to-neutral.

Q2: What is a typical power factor value?
A: For resistive loads it's 1.0, for inductive loads (motors) typically 0.8-0.95. Capacitors can improve power factor.

Q3: Can I use this for single-phase calculations?
A: No, for single-phase use P = V × I × PF (without the √3 factor).

Q4: How does this relate to apparent power (kVA)?
A: Apparent power (S) = √3 × V × I (without PF). Real power (P) = S × PF.

Q5: What are common 3-phase voltage levels?
A: Common voltages include 208V, 240V, 480V (North America) and 380V, 400V, 415V (Europe).