1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for heavy industrial loads and large motors.

2. How Does the Formula Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the phase difference in three-phase systems. The √3 factor converts between line-to-line voltage and phase voltage.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor (PF) represents the ratio of real power to apparent power. A PF of 1 means all power is real (useful) power, while lower PF indicates reactive power is being drawn.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (0 to 1). All values must be valid (voltage > 0, current > 0, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and phase voltage?
A: Line-to-line voltage is between any two phases, while phase voltage is between a phase and neutral. In balanced systems, line-to-line = √3 × phase voltage.

Q2: Why is power factor important?
A: Low PF means more current is needed for the same real power, increasing losses and requiring larger equipment.

Q3: What's typical power factor for motors?
A: Induction motors typically have PF of 0.85-0.9 at full load, lower at partial loads.

Q4: How can power factor be improved?
A: Using capacitors for power factor correction or synchronous motors which can provide leading PF.

Q5: Does this formula work for both delta and wye configurations?
A: Yes, as long as you use the correct line-to-line voltage and line current values.