1. What is Power Factor?

Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) in an AC electrical system. In a 3-phase system, it indicates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output.

2. How the Calculator Works

The calculator uses the 3-phase power factor formula:

Where:

• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)
• \( P \) — Real power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula calculates how much of the total power is being used to do real work versus being wasted in the system.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: A high power factor (close to 1) indicates efficient power usage, while a low power factor means poor utilization of electrical power. Utilities often charge penalties for low power factor.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in watts, line-to-line voltage in volts, and current in amperes. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will output a power factor between 0 and 1.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Ideally 1.0, but values above 0.95 are generally considered good. Below 0.85 is typically considered poor.

Q2: Why is power factor important for inverters?
A: Inverters with poor power factor require larger conductors and generate more heat, reducing system efficiency and potentially causing voltage drops.

Q3: Can power factor be greater than 1?
A: No, the calculator caps the result at 1.0. If your calculation suggests PF > 1, check your measurements.

Q4: How can I improve power factor?
A: Use power factor correction capacitors, reduce reactive loads, or use active power factor correction circuits.

Q5: Does this apply to single-phase systems?
A: No, for single-phase systems use PF = P / (V × I) without the √3 factor.