1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for heavy industrial loads and large motors.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)

Explanation: The √3 factor accounts for the phase difference in three-phase systems. Power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor indicates how effectively electrical power is being used. A higher power factor (closer to 1) means more efficient power usage, while lower power factors indicate poor utilization of electrical power.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). Typical power factors for different loads:

• Resistive loads: 1.0
• Inductive motors: 0.8-0.9
• Lighting ballasts: 0.5-0.9

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is √3 times the line-to-neutral voltage. This calculator uses line-to-line voltage.

Q2: Why is power factor important?
A: Low power factor results in higher currents for the same real power, increasing energy losses in distribution systems.

Q3: What's a typical power factor for industrial plants?
A: Most industrial plants aim for 0.85-0.95. Values below 0.85 may incur penalties from utilities.

Q4: How can power factor be improved?
A: Power factor correction capacitors or synchronous condensers can be used to improve power factor.

Q5: Does this formula work for both delta and wye configurations?
A: Yes, as long as you use the correct line-to-line voltage and line current values.