1. What is 3-Phase Power Factor?

Power factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) in an AC electrical system. In 3-phase systems, it's particularly important for industrial and commercial power distribution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power factor formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Real power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula calculates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output in a 3-phase system.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: A high power factor (close to 1) indicates efficient power usage, while low power factor means poor utilization. Utilities often charge penalties for low power factor.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in watts, line-to-line voltage in volts, and current in amperes. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Ideally 1.0, but values above 0.95 are generally considered good. Below 0.85 is typically poor.

Q2: Why does power factor matter?
A: Low PF causes higher current flow for same real power, increasing energy losses and requiring larger equipment.

Q3: How can power factor be improved?
A: Using power factor correction capacitors, synchronous condensers, or minimizing operation of lightly loaded motors.

Q4: Is this calculator valid for single-phase systems?
A: No, for single-phase use PF = P / (V × I) without the √3 factor.

Q5: What causes low power factor?
A: Mainly inductive loads (motors, transformers) operating below full capacity, or phase-controlled devices.