1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for heavy industrial loads and large motors.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)

Explanation: The √3 factor accounts for the phase difference between the three phases in a balanced system.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power. A lower power factor indicates inefficient power usage and may result in additional charges from utility companies.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). For purely resistive loads, power factor is 1. For inductive loads (like motors), it's typically between 0.8 and 0.95.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is √3 times the line-to-neutral voltage. The calculator uses line-to-line voltage.

Q2: Why is √3 used in the formula?
A: The √3 factor accounts for the 120° phase difference between the three phases in a balanced system.

Q3: What is a typical power factor value?
A: For industrial motors, 0.8-0.9 is common. Resistive loads (heaters) have PF=1. Capacitors can improve power factor.

Q4: Can I use this for single-phase calculations?
A: No, for single-phase use P = V × I × PF (without the √3 factor).

Q5: How does unbalanced load affect the calculation?
A: This formula assumes balanced load. For unbalanced loads, calculate each phase separately and sum the results.