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Single Phase Power Formula:
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Single-phase power is the distribution of alternating current electric power using a system where all voltages vary in unison. It's commonly used in residential and light commercial applications.
The calculator uses the single-phase power formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates real power in an AC circuit by accounting for both the voltage-current product and the power factor which represents the phase difference between voltage and current.
Details: Accurate power calculation is essential for sizing electrical components, determining energy consumption, calculating circuit loads, and ensuring electrical safety.
Tips: Enter voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). For purely resistive loads (like heaters), power factor is 1. For inductive loads (like motors), it's typically between 0.7-0.9.
Q1: What's the difference between real power and apparent power?
A: Real power (P, in Watts) is the actual power consumed, while apparent power (S, in VA) is the product of voltage and current. The ratio is the power factor (PF = P/S).
Q2: Why is power factor important?
A: Low power factor means more current is required to deliver the same real power, leading to larger conductors and higher losses in distribution systems.
Q3: What's a typical power factor for household appliances?
A: Resistive loads (heaters, incandescent lights) have PF=1. Motors typically 0.7-0.9. Electronics with power supplies often 0.6-0.8.
Q4: How can power factor be improved?
A: By adding capacitors to offset inductive loads (power factor correction), bringing the PF closer to 1.
Q5: When should I use three-phase power calculation instead?
A: For industrial equipment and large motors that use three-phase power, which is more efficient for high-power applications.