1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for motors and heavy loads, providing a more consistent power delivery.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage (volts)
• \( I \) — Current (amperes)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula calculates real power (kW) in a 3-phase system by accounting for the phase relationship between voltage and current.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA). A higher power factor (closer to 1) indicates more efficient power usage, while lower values indicate reactive power losses.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (typically between 0.8-1.0 for most industrial loads). All values must be valid (voltage > 0, current > 0, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is between any two phases, while line-to-neutral is between a phase and neutral. For balanced systems, line-to-line is √3 times line-to-neutral.

Q2: Why is √3 used in the formula?
A: The √3 factor accounts for the 120° phase difference between the three phases in a balanced system.

Q3: What is a typical power factor value?
A: Induction motors typically have 0.85 PF, while resistive loads have 1.0. Power factor correction can improve values to 0.95+.

Q4: Can this calculator be used for single-phase systems?
A: No, for single-phase use the formula: kW = (V × I × PF) / 1000 (without the √3 factor).

Q5: How does this relate to kVA calculation?
A: kVA = (√3 × V × I) / 1000 (without PF). Real power (kW) = kVA × PF.