1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for heavy industrial loads and large motors.

2. How the Calculator Works

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage (volts)
• \( I \) — Current (amperes)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula calculates real power (kW) in a balanced 3-phase system accounting for voltage, current, and power factor.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA). A higher power factor (closer to 1) indicates more efficient power usage.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (typically 0.8-0.95 for industrial loads). All values must be valid (voltage > 0, current > 0, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between kW and kVA?
A: kW is real power (actual work done), while kVA is apparent power (product of voltage and current). kW = kVA × PF.

Q2: Why use line-to-line voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is the standard measurement between any two phases.

Q3: What's a typical power factor value?
A: Industrial facilities typically aim for 0.95 or higher. Motors might have 0.8-0.9 PF at full load.

Q4: Can this be used for single-phase systems?
A: No, for single-phase use the formula: kW = (V × I × PF)/1000 (without the √3 factor).

Q5: How does this relate to energy consumption?
A: Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) × Time (hours). This calculator gives instantaneous power.