1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is more efficient than single-phase power for heavy industrial loads and large motors.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula calculates the real power in a balanced three-phase system, accounting for the phase difference between voltage and current.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power flowing to the load to the apparent power. A higher power factor (closer to 1) indicates more efficient power usage.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). Typical power factors are 0.8-0.95 for industrial loads.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is √3 times the line-to-neutral voltage (208V line-to-line = 120V line-to-neutral).

Q2: Why is √3 used in the formula?
A: The √3 factor accounts for the 120° phase difference between the three phases in a balanced system.

Q3: What is a typical power factor value?
A: Residential: ~0.95-1.0, Industrial: ~0.8-0.95, Motors at full load: ~0.85. Power factors below 0.8 may incur penalties.

Q4: Can this be used for unbalanced loads?
A: This calculator assumes balanced loads. For unbalanced systems, calculate each phase separately and sum the results.

Q5: How does this differ from single-phase power calculation?
A: Single-phase uses P = V × I × PF without the √3 factor. 3-phase delivers more power with less conductor material.