1. What is 3-Phase Power?

Three-phase power is a common method of alternating current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. It's more efficient than single-phase power for large loads and industrial applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase power equation:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, 0 to 1)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The equation calculates real power in a balanced three-phase system accounting for voltage, current, and power factor.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power. A higher power factor (closer to 1) indicates more efficient power usage with less reactive power.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line-to-line voltage in volts, current in amperes, and power factor (between 0 and 1). All values must be valid (voltage > 0, current > 0, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage?
A: In 3-phase systems, line-to-line voltage is between any two phases, while line-to-neutral is between a phase and neutral. Line-to-line is √3 times line-to-neutral.

Q2: What is a typical power factor value?
A: Industrial loads typically range from 0.7 to 0.9. Power factors below 0.7 may incur penalties from utilities.

Q3: How does this differ from single-phase power calculation?
A: Single-phase uses P = V × I × PF without the √3 factor. Three-phase is more efficient for power transmission.

Q4: Can I use this for unbalanced loads?
A: This calculator assumes balanced loads. For unbalanced loads, calculate each phase separately and sum the results.

Q5: What about apparent and reactive power?
A: Apparent power (S) = √3 × V × I (VA), Reactive power (Q) = √(S² - P²) (VAR). This calculator shows real power (P).